List of metropolitan areas in Europe

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This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see Largest urban areas of the European Union. For a list of cities proper, see Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.

Satellite picture of Europe by night. Light pollution from the major metropolitan areas and cities is clearly visible.

This is a list of metropolitan areas in Europe, with their population according to five different sources. The list includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

Figures in the first column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a functional urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting).

Figures in the second column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the third column come from the UN's World Urbanization Prospects and correspond to urban areas.

Figures in the fourth column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Figures in the last column come from the citypopulation.de website and correspond to urban agglomerations. Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

Metropolitan areas

Within the European Union

Metropolitan area name	Country	ESPON 1.4.3¹	Urban Audit²	UN WUP³	OECD⁴	Citypopulation.de⁵
Amsterdam metropolitan area	Netherlands	&100000000024970000000002,497,000⁶	&100000000014432580000001,443,258 (2004)	&100000000010490000000001,049,000	&100000000075000000000007,500,000⁶	&100000000019700000000001,970,000
Antwerp	Belgium	&100000000014060000000001,406,000⁷	&10000000000938904000000938,904	&10000000000965000000000965,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Athens	Greece	&100000000037610000000003,761,000	&100000000040133680000004,013,368 (2004)	&100000000032570000000003,257,000	&100000000039000000000003,900,000	&100000000037750000000003,775,000
Barcelona metropolitan area	Spain	&100000000040820000000004,082,000⁸	&100000000044406290000004,440,629	&100000000050830000000005,083,000	&100000000049000000000004,900,000	&100000000045000000000004,500,000
Baku	Azerbaijan	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000019720000000001,972,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000019400000000001,940,000
Belgrade	Serbia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000016170000000001,617,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000017500000000001,750,000
Berlin	Germany	&100000000040160000000004,016,000	&100000000050252720000005,025,272	&100000000034500000000003,450,000	&100000000060000000000006,000,000	&100000000043250000000004,325,000
Bremen	Germany	&100000000010770000000001,077,000	&100000000012471390000001,247,139	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Greater Bristol	United Kingdom	&100000000010410000000001,041,000	&100000000010710000000001,071,000	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Brussels-Capital Region	Belgium	&100000000026390000000002,639,000⁷	&100000000018853190000001,885,319	&100000000019040000000001,904,000	&100000000038000000000003,800,000	&100000000019100000000001,910,000
Bucharest metropolitan area	Romania	&100000000020640000000002,064,000	&100000000021761170000002,176,117	&100000000019340000000001,934,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000020750000000002,075,000
Budapest metropolitan area	Hungary	&100000000025230000000002,523,000	&100000000024757370000002,475,737	&100000000017060000000001,706,000	&100000000028000000000002,800,000	&100000000025250000000002,525,000
Cardiff	United Kingdom	&100000000010970000000001,097,000	&10000000000861400000000861,400	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Copenhagen metropolitan area	Denmark	&100000000018810000000001,881,000⁹	&100000000018225690000001,822,569 (2004)	&100000000011860000000001,186,000	&100000000024000000000002,400,000	&100000000014200000000001,420,000
Donetsk	Ukraine	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000966000000000966,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000014500000000001,450,000
Dnipropetrovsk	Ukraine	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010040000000001,004,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000013600000000001,360,000
Dublin Metropolitan Area	Ireland	&100000000014770000000001,477,000	&100000000015344260000001,534,426 (2004)	&100000000010990000000001,099,000	&100000000016000000000001,600,000	&100000000011000000000001,100,000
Frankfurt/Rhine-Main Region	Germany	&100000000027640000000002,764,000¹⁰	&100000000025319700000002,531,970	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&100000000056000000000005,600,000	&100000000019400000000001,940,000
Greater Glasgow	United Kingdom	&100000000013950000000001,395,000	&100000000017553000000001,755,300	&100000000011700000000001,170,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000014300000000001,430,000
The Hague	Netherlands	&100000000014040000000001,404,000⁶	&10000000000978161000000978,161 (2004)	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&100000000075000000000007,500,000⁶	&100000000029000000000002,900,000¹¹
Hamburg Metropolitan Region	Germany	&100000000029830000000002,983,000	&100000000031873380000003,187,338	&100000000017860000000001,786,000	&100000000046000000000004,600,000	&100000000026250000000002,625,000
Helsinki Metropolitan Area	Finland	&100000000012850000000001,285,000	&100000000012796850000001,279,685	&100000000011150000000001,115,000	&100000000018000000000001,800,000	&100000000011200000000001,120,000
Istanbul	Turkey	&10000000000000000000000No data	&1000000001104464200000011,044,642 (2004)	&1000000001052500000000010,525,000	&1000000001140000000000011,400,000	&1000000001300000000000013,000,000
Katowice metropolitan area	Poland	&100000000030290000000003,029,000¹²	&100000000027103970000002,710,397 (2004)	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000024500000000002,450,000
Kazan	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011400000000001,140,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011400000000001,140,000
Kharkiv	Ukraine	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000014530000000001,453,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000015900000000001,590,000
Kiev metropolitan area	Ukraine	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000028050000000002,805,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000032250000000003,225,000
Kraków metropolitan area	Poland	&100000000012360000000001,236,000	&100000000012764380000001,276,438	&10000000000756000000000756,000	&100000000021000000000002,100,000	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
West Yorkshire (Bradford & Leeds)	United Kingdom	&100000000023020000000002,302,000	&100000000023933000000002,393,300 (2004)	&100000000015470000000001,547,000	&100000000021000000000002,100,000	&100000000022500000000002,250,000
Lille-Kortrijk	France/ Belgium	&100000000013790000000001,379,000¹³	&100000000012231730000001,223,173 (2004)	&100000000010330000000001,033,000	&100000000026000000000002,600,000	&100000000012400000000001,240,000¹⁴
Lisbon Metropolitan Area	Portugal	&100000000025910000000002,591,000	&100000000024674840000002,467,484	&100000000028240000000002,824,000	&100000000027000000000002,700,000	&100000000025750000000002,575,000
Liverpool	United Kingdom	&100000000022410000000002,241,000	&100000000013502000000001,350,200	&10000000000819000000000819,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000013500000000001,350,000
Lódz	Poland	&100000000011650000000001,165,000	&100000000011394050000001,139,405	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Greater London	United Kingdom	&1000000001370900000000013,709,000	&1000000001231780000000012,317,800	&100000000086310000000008,631,000	&100000000074000000000007,400,000	&1000000001250000000000012,500,000
Lyon	France	&100000000016690000000001,669,000	&100000000017482710000001,748,271 (2004)	&100000000014680000000001,468,000	&100000000016000000000001,600,000	&100000000014700000000001,470,000
Madrid metropolitan area	Spain	&100000000052630000000005,263,000	&100000000062716380000006,271,638	&100000000058510000000005,851,000	&100000000056000000000005,600,000	&100000000065000000000006,500,000
Greater Manchester	United Kingdom	&100000000025560000000002,556,000	&100000000025800000000002,580,000	&100000000022530000000002,253,000	&100000000025000000000002,500,000	&100000000026250000000002,625,000
Marseille	France	&100000000015300000000001,530,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000014690000000001,469,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000014700000000001,470,000
Milan metropolitan area	Italy	&100000000041360000000004,136,000¹⁵	&100000000030766430000003,076,643	&100000000031153920000003,115,392	&100000000074000000000007,400,000	&100000000045750000000004,575,000
Minsk	Belarus	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000018520000000001,852,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000018600000000001,860,000
Moscow metropolitan area	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&1000000001055000000000010,550,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&1000000001480000000000014,800,000
Munich	Germany	&100000000026650000000002,665,000¹⁶	&100000000026448070000002,644,807	&100000000013490000000001,349,000	&100000000061000000000006,100,000	&100000000020250000000002,025,000
Naples metropolitan area	Italy	&100000000029050000000002,905,000¹⁷	&100000000022393300000002,239,330	&100000000022760000000002,276,000	&100000000031000000000003,100,000	&100000000041500000000004,150,000
Nizhniy Novgorod	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012670000000001,267,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000017600000000001,760,000
Nottingham-Derby	United Kingdom	&100000000015340000000001,534,000	&10000000000856900000000856,900	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Nuremberg	Germany	&100000000014430000000001,443,000	&100000000012990160000001,299,016	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010600000000001,060,000
Odessa	Ukraine	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010090000000001,009,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010700000000001,070,000
Greater Oslo	Norway	&100000000010370000000001,037,000	&100000000011622550000001,162,255	&10000000000888000000000888,000	&100000000017000000000001,700,000	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Paris metropolitan area	France	&1000000001117500000000011,175,000	&1000000001153240900000011,532,409 (2004)	&1000000001048500000000010,485,000	&1000000001120000000000011,200,000	&1000000001050000000000010,500,000
Perm	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000982000000000982,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010400000000001,040,000
Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	Portugal	&100000000012450000000001,245,000¹⁸	&100000000011099900000001,109,990	&100000000013550000000001,355,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012400000000001,240,000
Portsmouth-Southampton	United Kingdom	&100000000015470000000001,547,000	&10000000000506800000000506,800¹⁹	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Prague	Czech Republic	&100000000016690000000001,669,000	&100000000020992820000002,099,282	&100000000011620000000001,162,000	&100000000023000000000002,300,000	&100000000013900000000001,390,000
Rhein-Nord²⁰ (Düsseldorf-Neuss)	Germany	&100000000030730000000003,073,000²¹	&100000000015270180000001,527,018²²	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&1000000001340000000000013,400,000²¹	&100000000012200000000001,220,000²²
Rhein-Süd²⁰ (Cologne/Bonn Region)	Germany	&100000000030700000000003,070,000²¹	&100000000018984380000001,898,438²³	&100000000010010000000001,001,000²³	&1000000001340000000000013,400,000²¹	&100000000019000000000001,900,000²³
Riga	Latvia	&100000000011950000000001,195,000	&100000000010039490000001,003,949 (2004)	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Rome metropolitan area	Italy	&100000000031900000000003,190,000	&100000000036951480000003,695,148	&100000000033620000000003,362,000	&100000000037000000000003,700,000	&100000000033000000000003,300,000
Rostov-on-Don	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010460000000001,046,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011900000000001,190,000
Rotterdam	Netherlands	&100000000019040000000001,904,000⁶	&100000000011868180000001,186,818 (2004)	&100000000010100000000001,010,000	&100000000075000000000007,500,000⁶	&100000000029000000000002,900,000²⁴
Ruhr area²⁰ (Essen – Bochum – Dortmund)	Germany	&100000000053760000000005,376,000²¹	&100000000052031000000005,203,100	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&1000000001340000000000013,400,000²¹	&100000000046500000000004,650,000²⁵
Saarbrücken - Forbach	Germany/ France	&100000000011020000000001,102,000	&10000000000832617000000832,617	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Saint Petersburg	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000045750000000004,575,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000047750000000004,775,000
Samara	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011310000000001,131,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012700000000001,270,000
Saratov	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000822000000000822,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010700000000001,070,000
Seville	Spain	&100000000011800000000001,180,000²⁶	&100000000013070970000001,307,097	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000013400000000001,340,000
Sofia	Bulgaria	&100000000011740000000001,174,000	&100000000013347820000001,334,782	&100000000011960000000001,196,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012600000000001,260,000
Metropolitan Stockholm	Sweden	&100000000021710000000002,171,000	&100000000019812630000001,981,263	&100000000012850000000001,285,000	&100000000022000000000002,200,000	&100000000020750000000002,075,000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield)	United Kingdom	&100000000015690000000001,569,000	&100000000013086000000001,308,600	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000013300000000001,330,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region	Germany	&100000000022890000000002,289,000	&100000000026745270000002,674,527	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&100000000027000000000002,700,000	&100000000019800000000001,980,000
Tbilisi	Georgia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011200000000001,120,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012200000000001,220,000
Thessaloniki Metropolitan Area	Greece	&100000000010520000000001,052,000	&10000000000995766000000995,766 (2004)	&10000000000837000000000837,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Turin metropolitan area	Italy	&100000000016010000000001,601,000²⁷	&100000000017737470000001,773,747	&100000000016650000000001,665,000	&100000000022000000000002,200,000	&100000000016900000000001,690,000
Tyne and Wear	United Kingdom	&100000000015990000000001,599,000	&100000000010674000000001,067,400	&10000000000891000000000891,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011100000000001,110,000
Ufa	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010230000000001,023,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000010400000000001,040,000
Valencia	Spain	&100000000013980000000001,398,000 ²⁸	&100000000016706820000001,670,682	&10000000000814000000000814,000	&100000000023000000000002,300,000	&100000000017800000000001,780,000
Vienna	Austria	&100000000025840000000002,584,000	&100000000022859880000002,285,988	&100000000017060000000001,706,000	&100000000022000000000002,200,000	&100000000020250000000002,025,000
Volgograd	Russia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000977000000000977,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000013600000000001,360,000
Warsaw metropolitan area	Poland	&100000000027850000000002,785,000	&100000000027268290000002,726,829	&100000000017120000000001,712,000	&100000000030000000000003,000,000	&100000000022250000000002,225,000
West Midlands (Birmingham)	United Kingdom	&100000000036830000000003,683,000	&100000000024019000000002,401,900	&100000000023020000000002,302,000	&100000000026000000000002,600,000	&100000000026500000000002,650,000
Yerevan	Armenia	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000011120000000001,112,000	&10000000000000000000000No data	&100000000012300000000001,230,000
Zagreb	Croatia	&100000000011071150000001,107,115	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed	&10000000000000000000000No data	&10000000000000000000000Not listed
Zürich metropolitan area	Switzerland	&100000000016150000000001,615,000	&100000000011606870000001,160,687	&100000000011500000000001,150,000	&100000000025000000000002,500,000	&100000000011800000000001,180,000

Polycentric metropolitan areas

Rank	Area	State	Population²⁹
1	London	United Kingdom	13,709,000
2	Rhine-Ruhr	Germany	12,190,000
3	Paris	France	11,175,000
4	Randstad	Netherlands	6,787,000
5	Milan	Italy	5,963,000
6	Upper Silesian metropolitan area	Poland/ Czech Republic	5,294,000
7	Madrid	Spain	5,263,000
8	Belgian Central Metropolitan Area	Belgium	5,103,000
9	Barcelona	Spain	4,251,000
10	Frankfurt Rhine-Main	Germany	4,149,000
11	Naples polycentric metropolitan area	Italy	3,714,000
12	Vienna-Bratislava	Austria	3,368,000
13	Munich-Augsburg	Germany	3,271,000
14	Lille transborder metropolitan area	France/ Belgium	3,115,000
15	Euroregio MAHL (Liege-Aachen-Heerlen)	Germany/ Belgium/ Netherlands	3,060,000

Notes and references

^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3), Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)
^ Eurostat, Total population in Urban Audit cities, Larger Urban Zone, accessed on 2009-06-23. Data for 2009 unless otherwise noted.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision), (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007.
^ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Competitive Cities in the Global Economy, OECD Territorial Reviews, (OECD Publishing, 2006), Table 1.1
^ Thomas Brinkoff, Principal Agglomerations of the World, accessed on 2009-03-12. Data for 2011-04-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
^ ^a ^b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
^ Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
^ Includes Rotterdam
^ Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biala (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).
^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
^ Includes Kortrijk
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.
^ When combined with the Augsburg metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000/
^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
^ Excludes Southampton
^ ^a ^b ^c Polycentric metropolitan area
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
^ ^a ^b Excludes Duisburg, Krefeld, Mönchen-Gladbach
^ ^a ^b ^c Excludes Bonn
^ Includes The Hague
^ Includes Duisburg
^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of Pinerolo is included.
^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto is included.
^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3), Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

External links

Geopolis: research group,university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
Largest Cities (25,000+) of Europe by number of headquarters

[0] European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3), Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007)

[1] Eurostat, Total population in Urban Audit cities, Larger Urban Zone, accessed on 2009-06-23. Data for 2009 unless otherwise noted.

[2] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, World Urbanization Prospects (2009 revision), (United Nations, 2010), Table A.12. Data for 2007.

[3] Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Competitive Cities in the Global Economy, OECD Territorial Reviews, (OECD Publishing, 2006), Table 1.1

[4] Thomas Brinkoff, Principal Agglomerations of the World, accessed on 2009-03-12. Data for 2011-04-01.

[randstad-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.

[flemishdiamond-6] The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.

[7] Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.

[8] Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Swedish metropolitan area of Malmö (961,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.

[9] Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).

[10] Includes Rotterdam

[silesia-11] Part of the polycentric Upper Silesian urban region with a total population of 5,294,000. The region additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biala (584,000) and Rybnik (526,000).

[12] Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.

[13] Includes Kortrijk

[14] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 6,011,000.

[15] When combined with the Augsburg metropolitan area (606,000), the region has a total population of 3,271,000.

[16] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 3,714,000/

[17] Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.

[18] Excludes Southampton

[pc-19] Polycentric metropolitan area

[rheinruhr-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.

[dussel-21] Excludes Duisburg, Krefeld, Mönchen-Gladbach

[bonn-22] Excludes Bonn

[23] Includes The Hague

[24] Includes Duisburg

[25] Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.

[26] Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan of Pinerolo is included.

[27] Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto is included.

[28] European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3), Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

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List of metropolitan areas in Europe

Contents

Metropolitan areas

Polycentric metropolitan areas

See also

Regional and country-specific lists

Notes and references

External links